Dissolving cardiac device monitors, treats heart disease
Soft, wireless implant monitors the heart without requiring removal

Date:
July 5, 2023
Source:
Northwestern University
Summary:
Researchers have developed a soft, flexible, wireless device
to monitor and treat heart disease and dysfunction in the days,
weeks or months following traumatic heart-related events. And,
after the device is no longer needed, it harmlessly dissolves
inside the body, bypassing the need for extraction.


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FULL STORY ========================================================================== Nearly 700,000 people in the United States die from heart disease every
year, and one-third of those deaths result from complications in the
first weeks or months following a traumatic heart-related event.

To help prevent those deaths, researchers at Northwestern and George
Washington (GW) universities have developed a new device to monitor
and treat heart disease and dysfunction in the days, weeks or months
following such events.

And, after the device is no longer needed, it harmlessly dissolves inside
the body, bypassing the need for extraction.

About the size of a postage stamp, the soft, flexible device uses an array
of sensors and actuators to perform more complicated investigations than traditional devices, such as pacemakers, can accomplish. Not only can it
be placed on various sections of the heart, the device also continuously streams information to physicians, so they can remotely monitor a
patient's heart in real time. The device also is highly transparent,
allowing physicians to observe specific heart regions to make a diagnosis
or provide a treatment.

The research will be published on Wednesday (July 5) in the journal
Science Advances.

"Several serious complications, including atrial fibrillation and heart
block, can follow cardiac surgeries or catheter-based therapies,"
said Northwestern's Igor Efimov, an experimental cardiologist who
co-led the study. "Current post- surgical monitoring and treatment
of these complications require more sophisticated technology than
currently available. We hope our new device can close this gap in
technology. Our transient electronic device can map electrical activity
from numerous locations on the atria and then deliver electrical stimuli
from many locations to stop atrial fibrillation as soon as it starts."
"Many deaths that occur following heart surgery or a heart attack could
be prevented if doctors had better tools to monitor and treat patients
in the delicate weeks and months after these events take place," added
GW's Luyao Lu, who co-led the work with Efimov. "The tool developed in
our work has great potential to address unmet needs in many programs of fundamental and translational cardiac research." Efimov is a professor of biomedical engineering at Northwestern's McCormick School of Engineering
and professor of medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Lu is an assistant professor of biomedical engineering at GW.

This work builds on Efimov's previous work to develop cardiac implants to monitor and temporarily pace the heart. In 2021, Efimov and Northwestern professor John A. Rogers introduced the first-ever transient pacemaker, published in Nature Biomedical Engineering. Then, earlier this year,
Efimov's team unveiled a graphene "tattoo" for treating cardiac
arrhythmia, published in Advanced Materials.

"After heart surgeries, surgeons sometimes insert temporary wires, which
are connected to external current generators, to provide electrical
stimulation during temporary heart block caused by the surgery," Efimov
said. "Recently, we developed a bioresorbable pacemaker to replace such
a wire. Post-operative atrial fibrillation requires a more complicated
approach based on a multi- electrode array for sensing and stopping atrial fibrillation. Now, we present a novel technology to achieve this goal."
Tested in small animal models, the new device provides functions beyond
those of a traditional pacemaker. While a pacemaker only can provide
one overall picture of the heart (whether or not the heart is beating),
the transient device provides a more nuanced picture. Not only can it
restore normal heart rhythms, it also can show which areas of the heart
are functioning well and which areas are not. The device's transparent
nature also allows researchers to optically map many important cardiac
physical parameters through the device to better study heart function
and heart disease mechanisms.

After a clinically relevant period, the device -- which is made of biocompatible materials approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- - simply dissolves into benign products. Similar to absorbable stitches,
the device degrades and then completely disappears through the body's
natural biological processes. The device's bioresorbable nature could
reduce healthcare costs and improve patient outcomes by avoiding
complications from surgical extraction and lowering infection risks.

The study, "Soft, bioresorbable, transparent microelectrode arrays for multimodal spatiotemporal mapping and modulation of cardiac physiology,"
was supported by the National Science Foundation and the National
Institutes of Health.

* RELATED_TOPICS
o Health_&_Medicine
# Heart_Disease # Medical_Devices # Cholesterol #
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o Artificial_heart o Coronary_heart_disease o Heart_rate
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Content may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Zhiyuan Chen, Zexu Lin, Sofian N. Obaid, Eric Rytkin, Sharon
A. George,
Christopher Bach, Micah Madrid, Miya Liu, Jessica LaPiano, Amy
Fehr, Xinyu Shi, Nathaniel Quirion, Benjamin Russo, Helen Knight,
Anthony Aduwari, Igor R. Efimov, Luyao Lu. Soft, bioresorbable,
transparent microelectrode arrays for multimodal spatiotemporal
mapping and modulation of cardiac physiology. Science Advances,
2023; 9 (27) DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi0757 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/07/230705143014.htm

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