Climate-friendly air conditioning inspired by termites

Date:
July 6, 2023
Source:
Lund University
Summary:
The climate control used by termites in their mounds could inspire
tomorrow's climate-smart buildings. New research shows that future
buildings inspired by the termites could achieve the same effect
as traditional climate control, but with greater energy efficiency
and without its carbon dioxide footprint.


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FULL STORY ==========================================================================
The climate control used by termites in their mounds could inspire
tomorrow's climate-smart buildings. New research from Lund University in
Sweden shows that future buildings inspired by the termites could achieve
the same effect as traditional climate control, but with greater energy efficiency and without its carbon dioxide footprint.

Termite mounds have a sophisticated ventilation system that enables air circulation throughout the structure. This helps to maintain and regulate temperature and humidity.

"The digitalisation of design and construction processes creates enormous opportunities for how we shape architecture, and natural and biological
systems provide an important model for how we can best utilise these possibilities," says David Andre'en, senior lecturer at the Department
of Architecture and Built Environment at Lund University, who wrote
the article.

The results, published in the journal Frontiers in Materials, show a
structure for buildings based on termite mounds that facilitates indoor
climate control.

"The study focuses on the interior of termite mounds, which consist of thousands of interconnected channels, tunnels and air chambers, and how
these capture wind energy in order to "breathe," or exchange oxygen
and carbon dioxide with the surroundings. We have explored how these
systems work and how similar structures could be integrated in the walls
of buildings to drive the flow of air, heat and moisture in a new way."
The idea is thus to create new ways to control the airflow in buildings
that will be significantly more energy-efficient and climate-smart
than traditional air conditioning, which uses the bulk flow principle,
normally driven by fans.

Instead, it is possible to develop systems that are turbulent, dynamic
and variable.

"These can be controlled by very small equipment and require minor energy provision," says David Andre'en.

In the study, the researchers demonstrated how airflows interact with
geometry -- the parameters in the structure that cause the flows to
arise and how they can be selectively regulated. These can be driven
without using mechanical components such as fans, valves and similar,
as only electronic control is required.

"This a precondition for a distributed system in which many small sensors
and regulating devices are placed in the climate-adaptive building
envelope through miniaturisation, durability/sustainability and cost reduction," says David Andre'en.

This enables regulation of the building's indoor climate and to control
factors such as temperature and humidity without relying on large fans
and heating and air conditioning systems. The mechanisms are dependent
on being able to create complex internal geometries (on the millimetre
to centimetre scale), which is only possible using 3D printing. Through
3D printing, value can be added to the built environment to create
sustainable architecture that otherwise would not have been possible.

"It's fascinating how the termites' building process manages to create extremely complex well-functioning "engineering masterpieces," without
having the centralised control or drawings to refer to that we would
need," concludes David Andre'en.

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========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. David Andre'en, Rupert Soar. Termite-inspired metamaterials
for flow-
active building envelopes. Frontiers in Materials, 2023; 10 DOI:
10.3389/ fmats.2023.1126974 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/07/230706124549.htm

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