Researchers offer a tropical perspective on marine conservation
Key to ocean conservation may lie with the tropical majority

Date:
July 6, 2023
Source:
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Summary:
To achieve tangible solutions for ocean conservation, a new article
suggests that we should listen to the people who are most affected
by the current problems facing the ocean: the people in the tropics.


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FULL STORY ==========================================================================
To achieve tangible solutions for ocean conservation, we should listen
to the people who are most affected by the current problems facing the
ocean: the people in the tropics, say 25 co-authors of "Engaging the
Tropical Majority to Make Ocean Governance and Science more Equitable
and Effective," a new paper in the journal Ocean Sustainability, funded
by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI).

"We can't really talk about the ocean without talking about nature and
humans," said STRI staff scientist and founding director of the Adrienne
Arsht Community-Based Resilience Solutions Initiative, Ana Spalding,
lead author with marine ecologist and associate professor at Oregon
State University (OSU) Kirsten Grorud-Colvert. "Kirsten and I have been
working together to bridge those two aspects." The goal of the paper
was to take advantage of the focus on the tropics resulting from the Our
Ocean Conference held in Panama in March 2023. Spalding and Grorud-Colvert assembled a group of multidisciplinary researchers from around the global tropics to discuss actionable solutions for ocean conservation. After
initial brainstorming meetings on Zoom, they organized an in-person draft-writing workshop with a core group of collaborators in November
2022 at STRI's Punta Culebra Nature Center in Panama City, Panama.

The objective was to discuss how to face the most urgent problems
affecting the oceans, particularly in the global tropics. However, instead
of focusing solely on the scientific aspect of marine conservation,
a common theme during the initial discussions became the inequity in
ocean governance and ocean science.

"The underlying tone was that systemic changes in inequity and access
were important," Spalding said. "We still incorporated the more technical science side of things, but that's been written, that's been talked
about. We decided to prioritize this issue." The tropics are home to
most of the world's marine biodiversity and the majority of directly ocean-dependent people. But governance of the ocean is still dominated by high-income countries in temperate regions, where most of the scientific knowledge and funding originates. Policies are disproportionately
established by policymakers outside of tropical regions.

"We wanted to acknowledge this inequity from the start, that most of the resources and funding for marine conservation come from temperate regions,
and that often leads to those interests co-opting conversations. From
there we can move forward, with tropical voices and tropical expertise
in the lead," Grorud- Colvert pointed out.

In the paper, the authors concluded that, to achieve real and tangible solutions for ocean sustainability, there are four key actions to achieve first: equity in ocean science and governance, reconnecting people and
the ocean, redefining ocean literacy, and decolonizing ocean science.

"The paper really highlights that the problem isn't just with the
changes to natural ecosystems, fish and mangroves, the problem is the disproportionate impact that those changes have on certain groups of
people, particularly around the global tropics. And we're not going to
see changes in nature until we see systemic changes in how people in
these regions can participate, engage, feel connected to the issues,
and feel responsible for these changes," stated Spalding.

"We need to go beyond talking about the problems to intentionally taking
action to address inequities," said co-author Sangeeta Mangubhai, research scientist at Talanoa Consulting, in Fiji. "It is time to value and trust
the deep knowledge and understanding of history and place held by those of
us in the tropical majority and let us take the lead in those places we
call home." "The conclusion I'd like to focus on is decolonizing ocean science, from who leads, to how it is done. This action is relevant to
all scales and dimensions of ocean conservation: from individuals to institutions, theory to practice, and from our youth to our elders,"
commented co-author Steven Mana'oakamai Johnson, from the Department of
Natural Resources and the Environment at Cornell University.

Spalding and Grorud-Colvert committed themselves to creating a space
for listening and challenging perspectives and ideas. "We can't find
solutions without open and honest and transdisciplinary conversations,
and making sure that we are creating spaces for these to happen," Grorud-Colvert added.

Despite the different time zones and cultures, the collaborators were
surprised to find that their experiences were not very different.

"It's amazing how shared experiences lead to co-creating solutions for
the global tropics. In East Asia and the Pacific and Africa and Latin
America, we are all feeling similar things, and we feel validated by
the folks from these regions," Spalding said.

"Amplifying the voice of the tropical majority in ocean science and
governance is key to making sure decisions related to the tropics
include perspectives from key actors from the tropics," stated co-author Josheena Naggea of the Oceans Department and Center for Ocean Solutions
in Stanford University.

"Current scientific leaders need to realize that scientists in the
tropics have been mostly ignored or marginalized for a very long time
and we nevertheless are producing essential knowledge, and often in
much more equitable ways," said co-author Andre's Cisneros-Montemayor,
Deputy Director at Ocean Nexus, and Assistant Professor at Simon Fraser University.

Researcher and co-author Estradivari, from the Ecology Department at
Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT) in Germany, said:
"While there are real inequities in ocean governance and science
that can have negative effects on ocean conservation, there are also
solutions available as long as we value diversity and flexibility and
seize opportunities for change."
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========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Ana K. Spalding, Kirsten Grorud-Colvert, Edward H. Allison, Diva
J. Amon,
Rachel Collin, Asha de Vos, Alan M. Friedlander, Steven Mana'oakamai
Johnson, Juan Mayorga, Claire B. Paris, Cinda Scott, Daniel
O. Suman, Andre's M. Cisneros-Montemayor, Estradivari, Alfredo
Giron-Nava, Georgina G. Gurney, Jean M. Harris, Christina Hicks,
Sangeeta Mangubhai, Fiorenza Micheli, Josheena Naggea, David Obura,
Juliano Palacios-Abrantes, Angelique Pouponneau, Rebecca Vega
Thurber. Engaging the tropical majority to make ocean governance
and science more equitable and effective. npj Ocean Sustainability,
2023; 2 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s44183-023- 00015-9 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/07/230706124611.htm

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