SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP013
ARLP013 Propagation de K7RA

ZCZC AP13
QST de W1AW
Propagation Forecast Bulletin 13 ARLP013

From Tad Cook, K7RA

Seattle, WA March 31, 2023
To all radio amateurs

SB PROP ARL ARLP013
ARLP013 Propagation de K7RA

Solar activity increased this week. Average daily sunspot number
rose from 68 to 112.6, and average daily solar flux changed from
145.6 to 156.1.

A new sunspot group emerged on March 24, two more on March 26 and
27, and three on March 29.

Due to solar wind and a geomagnetic disturbance at the beginning of
the reporting week, average daily planetary A index increased from
10.6 to 23.3, while average middle latitude A index went from 8.4 to
13.7. Many reports of aurora came in this week, some down to lower
latitudes in North America.

Predicted solar flux is 135 on March 31, 130 on April 1-6, 132 on
April 7-8, then 130, 132, 135 and 135 on April 9-12, then 140, 145
and 148 on April 13-15, then 150, 150, 155, 155 and 158 on April
16-20, 160 on April 21-23, then 155, 145 and 145 on April 24-26, and
135 on April 27 through May 1, then 132 on May 2-5, then 130, 132,
135 and 135 on May 6-9.

Predicted planetary A index is 18, 16, 12, 10 and 8 on March 31
through April 4, then 5 on April 5-9, then 15, 12, 8 and 5 on April
10-13, 8 on April 14-15, then 12, 20, 15 and 5 on April 16-19, then
20, 15 and 10 on April 20-22, 8 on April 23-24, 5 on April 25-26,
then 12, 15, 10 and 8 on April 27-30, and 5 on May 1-6, then 15, 12
and 8 on May 7-9.

Weekly Commentary on the Sun, the Magnetosphere, and the Earth's
Ionosphere - March 30, 2023 from OK1HH.

"The strong geomagnetic storm on 23-24 March was not expected.
Moreover, it was classified as a G4, making it the most intense in
almost 6 years. The source of the solar wind was not identified with
certainty, but a large coronal hole in the south, near the central
meridian, could not be missed.

"As a consequence of the disturbance, the ionosphere first
experienced a rise in the critical frequencies of the F2 layer on 23
March, followed by a significant drop on 24-25 March. Their normal
values started to be registered again only after 26 March.

"Energetic flares are a reliable indicator of the increase in solar
activity. On March 29, the seventh X-class flare of the year was
registered. Yet a total of seven were registered in 2022 and only
two in 2021.

"Most of the sunspots are now on the western half of the solar disk.
As they gradually set, total solar activity will first decrease over
the next week before rising again."

Here are articles about solar activity as an existential threat:

https://bit.ly/3M28RQv

https://bit.ly/42W7xo4

https://bit.ly/40Qf6Lc

Nice sunspot video, before the aurora:

https://bit.ly/3K2alHX

AA7FV wrote on March 25:

"There was a 6-meter opening from Arizona to VK on March 24. I
received VK7HH in Tasmania at 2028 UTC on WSPR; he was using just
0.2 watts (200 mW)."

VK7HH responded:

"Yes, that WSPR spot was from my remote station running 200 mW from
a Zacktek WSPR TX into a 1/2 wave vertical antenna. HASL 931m."

AA7FV wrote:

"For reference, my 50 MHz antenna is a Cushcraft 1/2-wave vertical,
the Ringo AR6, with its base at about 10 feet above ground. The
location here is 870m asl but I'm in the valley, just outside
Tucson. The receiver is an ancient Icom PCR1000, but with a preamp.
I monitor 6m 24/7, but rarely hear any signals at all, and when I do
hear something it's usually from someone else in Arizona."

On March 25, Jon, N0JK wrote:

"Worked VP8NO in GD18 today on 6 Meter FT8 at 1905 UTC. de N0JK
EM28 in Kansas."

Jon was using a portable 2 element Yagi and running 50 watts.

Here is an article about a "Hole" in the Sun:

https://www.space.com/solar-flare-coronal-hole-space-weather

Send your tips, reports, observations, questions and comments to
k7ra@arrl.net. When reporting observations, don't forget to tell us
which mode you were operating.

For more information concerning shortwave radio propagation, see http://www.arrl.org/propagation and the ARRL Technical Information
Service at http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals . For an
explanation of numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere .

An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation . More good
information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/ .

Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins .

Sunspot numbers for March 23 through 29, 2023 were 73, 108, 105,
125, 128, 114, and 135, with a mean of 112.6. 10.7 cm flux was 151,
157.5, 160.3, 159.4, 158.2, 158.7, and 147.8, with a mean of 156.1.
Estimated planetary A indices were 60, 66, 15, 8, 3, 5, and 6, with
a mean of 23.3. Middle latitude A index was 28, 40, 12, 6, 2, 4, and
4, with a mean of 13.7.
NNNN
/EX


--- MBSE BBS v1.0.8 (Linux-x86_64)
* Origin: American Radio Relay League (3:633/280.2@fidonet)

SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP013
ARLP013 Propagation de K7RA

ZCZC AP13
QST de W1AW
Propagation Forecast Bulletin 13 ARLP013

From Tad Cook, K7RA

Seattle, WA March 29, 2024
To all radio amateurs

SB PROP ARL ARLP013
ARLP013 Propagation de K7RA

A dramatic increase in solar activity emerged over the past week,
and geomagnetic activity reacted as well.

Two new sunspot groups appeared on March 21, then one new group
emerged each day over March 22-25.

Average daily solar flux rose from 153.3 to 191.9, and average daily
sunspot numbers increased from 94.3 to 147.

The highest sunspot number over last week was 171 on March 22, which
was the highest sunspot number since November 22-25, 2023 when the
numbers were 174, 176, 184, and 179.

Average daily planetary A index jumped from 5.9 to 25.4, and middle
latitude numbers from 5 to 19.

On March 24 the college A index in Fairbanks, Alaska reached 100!
The planetary A index was 64.

Looking ahead, solar flux is predicted to reach a peak of 210 on
April 23-24.

The projected solar flux is 175, 170 and 155 on March 29-31, 150 on
April 1-2, 155 on April 3-4, 185 on April 5, then 180 and 185 on
April 4-5, 190 on April 6-7, then 185, 180, 175 and 180 on April
8-11, 185 on April 12-13, then 190, 185, 190, 185 and 180 on April
14-18, then 175 on April 19-20, then 200 and 205 on April 21-22, 210
on April 23-24, then 205, 190 and 180 on April 25-27, 175 on April
28-29, then 170, 180 and 185 on April 30 through May 2, and 190 on
May 3-4.

The planetary A index forecast shows 8 and 6 on March 29-30, 10 on
March 31 through April 1, then 8, 5, 5 and 12 on April 2-5, 5 on
April 6-8, 8 on April 9-11, 5 on April 12-18, then 8, 10, 10 and 8
on April 19-22, 5 on April 23-29, then 15, 12, and 12 on April 30
through May 2, and 5 on May 3-5.

Weekly Commentary on the Sun, the Magnetosphere, and the Earth's
Ionosphere for March 28, 2024 from F. K. Janda, OK1HH:

The period without stronger disturbances in the Earth's magnetic
field was incredibly long: 19 December 2023 to 20 April 2024, or
three whole months. But it had to end at some point. Especially
since we're near the peak of the 11-year solar cycle.

Around March 20, we were expecting the rise of a larger sunspot
group in the northeastern solar disk, AR3614. The bigger surprise,
however, was the simultaneous emergence of another group, designated
AR3615, which surprised us both by its size and dispersion and by
the number of moderate flares produced, which totaled eleven on
March 23.

Although AR3614 was the source of a much smaller number of flares,
it made up for everything with a large proton flare, accompanied by
a CME, on 23 March with a maximum at 0133 UT. The Earth was
bombarded by energetic protons on the following days, while
simultaneously being hit by particle clouds from flares in both
active regions. Which couldn't have resulted in anything other than
the development of a magnetic storm. Its intensity was greatest on
April 24.

The disturbance began on April 23, however, with an increase in
MUF, or so-called positive phase. A significant decrease in MUF and
an increase in the attenuation of radio waves in the ionosphere
occurred since 24 March. The significant deterioration of shortwave propagation conditions lasted until 26 March.

A return to slightly above-average propagation is expected after
March 28.

In a March 28 email titled "Big CME impact ignites 6 meters", Jon
Jones, N0JK in Kansas wrote:

"The CME that struck March 24 ignited 6 meters for the Midwest USA
through Wednesday March 26.

"On March 24 I logged 9Y4D on 6 Meter FT8 and had good copy on VP8WA
up to +4 dB. Had a psk flag from CE8EIO at -5 dB. The planetary K
index went to 8.

"March 25 copied HD8MD from my fixed mobile (1/4 wave whip) around
1930 UTC up to -7 dB on FT8.

"March 26 worked HC5VF, copied HD8MD, LU1WFU, HC2AP/P, HC1BI,
LU8DRH, CX4DSAE and many others on FT8. Big pileups on the DX
stations.

Jon N0JK EM28 KS"

Shortwave blackout: https://bit.ly/3IYnul6

Check out the KN8DMK page on QRZ.COM. Using a VLF receiver on 40.75
KHz, he monitored US Navy transmitter NAU in Puerto Rico during a
solar flare.

Tamitha Skov video: https://youtu.be/SSPbzvxbX2M

This weekend is the CQ World Wide WPX SSB Contest. See
https://cqwpx.com/ for info. The CW weekend is May 25-26.

Send your tips, reports, observations, questions and comments to
k7ra@arrl.net. When reporting observations, don't forget to tell
us which mode you were operating.

For more information concerning shortwave radio propagation, see http://www.arrl.org/propagation and the ARRL Technical Information
Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals . For
an explanation of numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere .

An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation .

More good information and tutorials on propagation are at
http://k9la.us/

Also, check this: https://bit.ly/3Rc8Njt

Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins .

Sunspot numbers for March 21 through 27 2024 were 141, 171, 146,
145, 163, 149, and 114, with a mean of 147. 10.7 cm flux was 196.9,
197.6, 210.7, 195.1, 190.1, 178.2, and 174.6, with a mean of 191.9.
Estimated planetary A indices were 27, 11, 36, 64, 22, 11, and 7,
with a mean of 25.4. Middle latitude A index was 20, 10, 25, 43, 17,
11, and 7, with a mean of 19.
NNNN
/EX


--- MBSE BBS v1.0.8.4 (Linux-x86_64)
* Origin: American Radio Relay League (3:633/280.2@fidonet)